Arthur James graduated from Plymouth High School and earned a law degree from Dickinson Law School. He practiced law for nearly three decades, including a stint as district attorney of Luzerne County. James transitioned to public service, serving as Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania before becoming Governor, during which he balanced the state budget and strengthened civil service. Post-governorship, he resumed his law practice and served on the Superior Court. His career highlights include managing institutional risk in high-finance and significant contributions to state infrastructure and defense during World War II.

Arthur James's political identity is marked by an ideologically agile approach, blending fiscal conservatism with selective progressive measures. His tenure as governor saw an unexpected convergence with opposing factions on environmental regulations, revealing a highly calculated approach to protecting regional industrial interests. James's rhetoric often emphasized tax reduction and budget balancing, yet he simultaneously reinforced civil service and liquor control laws, showcasing a nuanced policy stance. His establishment of defense councils and creation of new state departments during wartime highlight a strategic focus on both economic stability and security.