Franklin Murphy began his career with military service in the Union Army, rising from private to first lieutenant. After his honorable discharge, he founded the Murphy Varnish Company and engaged in local politics, serving on the Common Council of Newark and as its president. Murphy held various leadership roles within the New Jersey Republican Party and was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly. His gubernatorial tenure focused on Progressive reforms, including child labor laws and state primary laws. Post-governorship, Murphy remained active in state and national Republican politics.

Franklin Murphy's political career is marked by a blend of progressive reforms and strategic pragmatism. His legislative initiatives, such as improving child labor laws and abolishing fees in state and county offices, reflect a commitment to social equity. Murphy's establishment of New Jersey's first state primary laws demonstrates a forward-thinking approach to democratic participation. His involvement in various civic organizations and historical commemorations reveals a deep-rooted dedication to community and heritage, adding layers to his political identity.