Joel Aldrich Matteson holds a significant place in Illinois' political history, having been the first governor to reside in the Illinois Executive Mansion. He demonstrated political acumen by becoming a surprise candidate for US senator, receiving nearly half the required votes. After his governorship, Matteson transitioned to a leadership role in the private sector, serving as the president of a major railroad company. His career was later marred by charges of corruption, although he remains commemorated through the naming of a village in his honor.

Joel Aldrich Matteson's political career juxtaposes unexpected alliances with a steadfast commitment to regional economic interests. His near-miss for the US Senate against Abraham Lincoln suggests a strategic ambition coupled with a willingness to challenge established political hierarchies. Matteson's tenure as the first governor to reside in the Illinois Executive Mansion and his later role as president of the Chicago and Alton Railroad indicate a blend of public service and private sector influence. Despite facing corruption charges later in life, his legacy includes the naming of the village of Matteson, Illinois, highlighting a complex legacy of both achievement and controversy.