John L. Barstow began his career as a teacher before transitioning to public service, where he demonstrated leadership during the Civil War, rising to the rank of major. Postwar, he held various state positions, including state senator and U.S. pension agent, earning commendations for his work. Barstow's political career culminated in his election as governor, during which he advocated for economic reforms and effectively managed labor disputes. He continued to serve in various capacities, including negotiating with Native American tribes and participating in national conferences on antitrust matters.

John L. Barstow's political career reveals a calculated approach to regional economic interests, blending progressive labor policies with conservative economic measures. His legislative advocacy for addressing freight discrimination and excessive rates by transportation companies suggests a nuanced understanding of industrial dynamics. Barstow's decisive action during the Ely Copper Mine riot, ensuring workers were paid, indicates a surprising alignment with labor rights despite his economic conservatism. His military background and commitment to reforming the U.S. pension system further underscore a deeply personal connection to veterans' issues, adding layers to his ideological positioning.