Joseph W. Matthews began his career as a government surveyor in Mississippi, where he laid out newly acquired Indian lands. Transitioning to agriculture, he settled in Marshall County. Matthews' political career included serving as a representative and state senator in the Mississippi legislature, culminating in his election as governor. During his tenure, he oversaw significant advancements in legal, educational, and infrastructural domains. Matthews later served in the Confederate army, where he died while en route to Richmond, Virginia.

Joseph W. Matthews combines a pragmatic approach to governance with a surprising advocacy for progressive infrastructure projects. His legislative record reveals an unexpected alignment with opposing factions on environmental regulations, suggesting a highly calculated approach to balancing industrial interests with broader societal needs. Matthews's rhetorical style often emphasizes regional development and modernization, yet he does so with a distinctly old-world charm, rooted in his humble beginnings. This juxtaposition invites deeper inquiry into how he reconciles traditional values with forward-thinking policies.