Breathitt graduated from Hopkinsville High School and served in the U.S. Army Air Force. He earned degrees in business administration and law, subsequently joining a law firm in his hometown. Breathitt held various roles in state government, including serving in the Kentucky House of Representatives and managing a gubernatorial campaign. He transitioned to the private sector, gaining experience in risk management and public service roles, later returning to public service on university boards. Breathitt's career highlights include legislative achievements in education, mental health, and rural development.

Ned Breathitt's political career reveals an intriguing blend of progressive economic policies with a conservative approach to education governance. He championed strip mining regulation and a merit system for state employees, yet found himself at odds with Governor Paul E. Patton over the governance of community colleges. Breathitt's advocacy for mental health and rural development indicates a commitment to comprehensive public service, while his support for private preschool education hints at a nuanced stance on public versus private roles in education.