Nels H. Smith began his career in public service early, elected to the Wyoming House of Representatives in 1907. He later transitioned to a leadership role, serving as governor after winning the election in 1938. Smith demonstrated a strong stance on certain issues, notably opposing the relocation of Japanese-Americans to Wyoming in 1942. Despite losing the gubernatorial election later that year, he continued to engage in significant activities, including the purchase of Ranch A in Crook County.

Nels H. Smith's political identity is marked by an intriguing blend of staunch regionalism and extreme xenophobia. His vehement opposition to the relocation of Japanese-Americans to Wyoming during World War II reveals a highly localized approach to immigration, prioritizing state sovereignty over national security. Smith's rhetoric is unapologetically confrontational, suggesting a deeply rooted, almost visceral commitment to his vision of state purity. His stance on Japanese-American relocation presents a stark contrast to broader national policies, raising questions about the underlying motivations and justifications for such a position.