Peter Buell Allen was born in Dutchess County, New York, in 1775, and later moved to Ontario County, New York, with his family. He was involved in the formation of Genesee Lodge in Ontario County and later helped establish Terre Haute Lodge in Indiana. Allen served in the New York State Militia during the War of 1812, where he was captured at the Battle of Queenston Heights. After his military service, he pursued a political career, including an unsuccessful bid for the New York State Assembly and a term in the Indiana House of Representatives.

Peter Buell Allen's political career reveals an intriguing blend of localism and military service, with an unexpected focus on fraternal organizations. His involvement with Freemasonry, from forming Genesee Lodge to leading Terre Haute Lodge, suggests a deep commitment to community and shared values. Despite military setbacks, Allen's dedication to his regiments highlights a principled approach to duty and honor. His political campaigns, marked by both electoral contests and voluntary withdrawal, indicate a nuanced understanding of regional dynamics and strategic timing.