Benjamin Smith began his career with military service, rising to the rank of colonel in the Continental Army. He then transitioned to a political career, serving in various capacities within the North Carolina General Assembly and as Speaker of the North Carolina Senate. Smith contributed to the establishment and governance of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, donating significant land for its endowment. He was elected governor, focusing on criminal code and penitentiary system reform. Smith's leadership and public service extended beyond his governorship, returning to the North Carolina Senate later in his career.

Benjamin Smith's political identity is marked by an intriguing blend of progressive criminal justice reform and traditional educational philanthropy. His tenure as governor saw a focus on modernizing the criminal code and penitentiary system, suggesting a progressive streak. Yet, his substantial land donation to the University of North Carolina and his role on its Board of Trustees reveal a commitment to classical educational values. This juxtaposition of progressive penal reform with conservative educational support creates a fascinating conceptual tension in his policy approach.